Stackable sugarcane farm

Adil Gamez's stackable sugarcane farm, the smaller and much more popular of his two. Rows of cane on grass with an observer watching each one and a piston snapping it as it grows, twelve hopper minecarts running the rails beneath to collect, and a hopper pillar carrying everything down to two chests. 348 plants in the build as shown, and it stacks upward if you want more. It is the cheapest of the big sugarcane designs and still costs around 1,100 iron.

Observer spacing is what everyone gets wrong. anneferns8248 gives it as observer, 5 blocks, observer, 4 blocks, alternating, and azertxz warns that a flat 5 block gap will not line up with the build.
jitt8007 replaces the long hopper line with barrels every other block, and bryanmaglaya1374 swaps the tall hopper pillar for droppers.
superd3ni_025 and MemeRankingsYOUTUBE drop the minecarts entirely. Mud under the cane with plain hoppers below does the same job for less redstone.
Light the inside before you seal it. sapffron had zombies spawning in theirs, which costs rate if there is a mob farm anywhere nearby.
Adil's answer to dead minecarts is that they have to be minecarts with hoppers, not plain ones. On Bedrock, Bubble-wu5ob and ar_n2342 still get carts stopping on the rails after leaving and coming back.
It runs bamboo as well if you leave the water out, which moovingaverage6898 and azrelldrekmorr9344 both do for a fuel supply.